While conventional volume rendering and visualization allow for the analysis towards quantifiable data with measurement, the pre-defined perspectives and restricted 2-dimensional (2-D) display limit the data interpretation in an interactive manner, leading to the incidental discarding of intrinsic information ( Maher et al., 2004 Cutrale et al., 2019).
The biological detail established CT and MRI clinically as methods for accurate clinician diagnosis, providing inherently quantifiable information with a visualization tool ( Weissleder and Pittet, 2008 Wu and Shu, 2018).
This non-invasive method, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), especially assists in revealing detailed physiological structures. Molecular imaging has been advancing fundamental investigations and clinical assessments of biophysical and biochemical processes for decades ( Weissleder, 2001 Weissleder and Pittet, 2008 Wu and Shu, 2018). Our customized framework enables enhanced data interpretation interactivity of CT images and establishes a user-directed manipulative VR platform derived from imaging results for remote medical practices including training, education, and investigation. We successfully sliced a CT cardiac model showing in-depth surface visualizations of the ventricles and atria. We implemented manipulative functionalities into the VR environment that altered the cardiopulmonary models to interactively generate new data analysis perspectives. To overcome this obstacle, we utilized virtual reality (VR) to interact with CT images of the cardiopulmonary system in a 3-D immersive environment. However, the pre-defined perspective and confined manipulation limit the in-depth exploration and analysis in 3-D/4-D. Molecular imaging along with 3-dimensional (3-D) or 4-D (3-D spatial + 1-D temporal) visualization is widely used in clinical diagnosis and surgical planning. 2Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
1Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States.Hassan 1 †, Jie Yuan 1 and Yichen Ding 1,2*
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